Observations of Upwelling and Downwelling Around Antarctica Mediated by Sea Ice

We infer circumpolar maps of stress imparted to the ocean by wind, mediated sea-ice, in and around Seasonal Ice Zone (SIZ) Antarctica. In open we compute wind using surface winds from daily atmospheric reanalyses applying bulk formulae. presence sea ice, underlying is computed satellite observations ice concentration drift velocity assuming, first, that geostrophic currents beneath are negligible, then including inferred altimetry. this way SIZ obtained. The discussed interpreted, their importance setting circulation emphasised. Just as parallel observational studies Arctic, find significantly modify field, sense ageostrophic flow thus pathways exchange across SIZ. Maps Ekman pumping reveal broad patterns upwelling within enhanced near edge, which offset strong narrow downwelling regions adjacent Antarctic continent.